Use casesFinancial institutions & fintech

  • Bank
  • Participation bank
  • Consumer finance
  • Leasing

Collateral appraisal review

Every mortgage and real-estate collateral arrives as a long appraisal report, often a scan; each must agree with the deed, the zoning, and your collateral rules before the loan can go ahead.

With the systemEach appraisal report read, checked against the land registry, the license lists, and your rules; the reviewer decides.

Who decides
Valuation unit reviewer

Appraisal system · 4 November 2026Illustrative

Valuation report · p. 9, property details

Apartment no. 7, second floor. Measured on site: gross area 118 m², the basis of the valuation.

→ deed shows a different area · query the area, not the value

The document as it arrives. In red, what the system marks for your expert.

1. The work

Today

  1. ReadThe licensed valuation firm uploads its report to your appraisal system: the deed details, area, zoning and permits, photos, the comparables and their adjustments, the method, and the final value; a reviewer in your valuation unit reads it page by page.
  2. CheckThe reviewer compares the report with the land registry record, checks that the firm is authorized and the appraisers licensed, and looks for an earlier report on the same property.
  3. TestThe report is held against your collateral policy by eye: the property types you accept, the comparables' distance and dates, the loan-to-value limit, and the insurance your policy asks for.
  4. WriteThe reviewer types a review note and, where a fact is wrong, a question to the firm; an area that differs between the deed and one page is easy to miss.
  5. DecideThe reviewer takes the report into the collateral file, sends it back on a fact, or orders a second report from another firm; credit decides the loan.

With the system

  1. ReadThe SLM reads the whole report, scans and tables included, and returns the deed details, area, zoning, comparables, method, assumptions, and final value, each tied to its page.SLM
  2. CheckThe agent, with read-only access, runs the checks at the same time: the land registry record, the BDDK list of authorized firms and the appraisers' licenses, your earlier reports on the property, and the contents every report must carry.Agentic AI
  3. TestYour collateral policy, run as code, not a model, tests the areas and units across the report, the comparables against your distance and date rules, and the loan-to-value limit; any mismatch is marked.Your rule
  4. WriteThe SLM drafts the review note in your template with each finding and its page, and the questions to the firm on facts only; nothing it drafts comments on the value.SLM
  5. DecideThe reviewer in your valuation unit decides, as before; a report from an unlisted firm, a missing signature, or a deed that does not match the registry always reaches a person.Person decides

What lands on the desk

The reviewer gets the report already read, the registry, license, and earlier-report checks already run, and the areas, comparables, and loan-to-value already tested by your own policy. The area differs from the deed, so a question on that fact is drafted; the reviewer decides.

FIG. 1 · Appraisal review fileIllustrative
Housing loan · report received 04.11.2026A flat in a residential building, second floor

SLM · what the report says

  • DeedApartment no. 7, second floor, reinforced-concrete buildingreport, p. 3
  • ZoningResidential zone; occupancy permit on filereport, p. 6
  • ValueMarket approach, three comparables, adjusted for floor and agereport, p. 11

Agent · checks, read-only

  • flaggedLand registry recordland registryarea differs from page 9
  • metFirm authorized, appraisers licensedBDDK, SPKon both lists
  • Earlier report on this flatone, two years ago, same firm
  • metRequired contentsall present

Your rules · consistency and policy

  • AreaGross area differs between the deed and page 9
  • ComparablesTwo of three outside your date window
  • Loan to valueWithin your limit on the reported value

SLM · drafts

Ready in your template: the review note with two findings and their pages, and one question to the firm on the area; nothing on the value itself.

  • SLM
  • Agent
  • Code

Why a person decidesTaking the report, sending it back on a fact, or ordering a second report is the reviewer's; no one may suggest a value to the firm.

DecidesValuation unit reviewer

2. The system

For your technical team — skip it if you like.

How it works

In

  • The appraisal report, PDF or scan
  • Its annexes: deed copy, photos, permits
  • Your request: purpose and scope

  1. SLM · understands

    Appraisal report reader

    Fine-tuned on appraisal reports, scans included

    Reads

    • Everything under In

    Out

    • Parcel, block, unit, area, owner, liens
    • Zoning status and permits
    • Comparables and their adjustments
    • Method, assumptions, and final value

  2. Agent · prepares

    Report check agent

    Parallel checks, read-only

    Reads

    • The report's fields

    Out

    • Land registry record against the report
    • Firm authorized, appraisers licensed
    • Earlier reports on the same property
    • Required report contents present

  3. Code · calculates

    Consistency and collateral rules

    Your collateral policy, run as code; no model

    Reads

    • The fields and the checks
    • Your collateral policy

    Out

    • Areas and units agree across the report
    • Comparables within your distance and dates
    • Loan-to-value within your limit
    • Property type your policy accepts

  4. SLM · understands

    Review note writer

    The same SLM, in your review template

    Reads

    • The report, the checks, and the rule results
    • Your review template

    Out

    • Review note, each finding with its page
    • Questions to the firm on facts only

  5. Decision

    Valuation unit reviewer

    Reads

    • The review file and the drafts

    Out

    • Takes the report into the collateral file
    • Sends it back to the firm on a fact
    • Orders a second report from another firm
    • Credit decides the loan, as before
How the agent's work is arrangedParallel

Parallel

The checks are independent of one another and every report needs all of them, so they run at the same time and merge into one file.

How the models are trained and tested

Your expert writes the test first. A step the test does not need is skipped, and we say why.

Show the training steps

Small language model (SLM)

  1. Test set

    300–600 recent reports labeled by your valuation unit with every field and every inconsistency they found, plus 100–200 review notes they grade against your template.

  2. Dataset

    Past reports from the firms you work with, your reviewers' notes, and the firms' answers; owners' personal data masked in training copies.

  3. Continued pre-training (CPT)If needed

    Only if the base model fails the test on valuation, zoning, and land-registry vocabulary.

  4. Supervised fine-tuning (SFT)

    On each firm's report layouts, scanned pages and tables included, and on your review template.

  5. Reinforcement learning (RL)Skipped

    Skipped: reading fields and writing to a template are taught by fine-tuning, and the rules check the rest.

  6. Retrieval

    Retrieval supplies your current collateral policy and the rules; the policy tests come from the rule table, never from the model.

  7. Monitoring

    The valuation unit grades a sample every month; a new firm's layout or a policy change triggers a re-test before it applies.

Where the agentic system stops

The reviewer in your valuation unit decides every report: take it into the collateral file, send it back to the firm on a fact, or order a second report from another firm; credit decides the loan, inside its written authority.

Show its tools, limits, and record
Tools and access
Reads the report and its annexes from your appraisal ordering system; read-only land registry records through your existing connection, the BDDK list of authorized valuation firms, the appraisers' license register, and your earlier reports on the property; writes only the review file.
May not
Take, return, or reject a report, suggest, change, or comment on a value, contact the valuation firm or the customer, order a valuation, change a collateral or loan record, or grant itself any access.
Who decides and the written limit
Valuation unit reviewerThe reviewer in your valuation unit decides every report: take it into the collateral file, send it back to the firm on a fact, or order a second report from another firm; credit decides the loan, inside its written authority. The system never suggests, changes, or comments on a value, never contacts the valuation firm or the customer, never orders a valuation, and never changes a collateral or loan record; a deed that does not match the registry or an unlisted firm always reaches a person.
Stops when
A deed that does not match the registry, a firm or an appraiser not on the lists, a missing signature or license number, a project without its as-is value, or a property type your policy does not accept: the file goes to the reviewer, marked.
Record
Every report read, each check and its answer, the policy version, the review note, and who took, returned, or re-ordered the report; kept with the collateral file.

How agentic systems stay inside limits

3. Value and conditions

Where the time goes, and what your institution will measure.

Where the value comes from

  1. Every report read in full, scans included, not skimmed.
  2. Mismatches with the deed and the zoning caught before the loan.
  3. Reviewer hours freed for the reports that need judgment.

What your institution measures

  • Time from report to collateral decision
  • Reports sent back for a factual error
  • Mismatches found after disbursement
  • Second reports ordered

Measured in the Decision Blueprint

Today's review time per report, the errors found after disbursement, and the second reports ordered, from your valuation unit's log, set the baseline; your institution sets the target.

Conditions

The rules, the data, and the known error, with its guard.

  • A bank's real-estate collateral is valued by a valuation firm BDDK authorizes, under the SPK communiqué on real-estate valuation firms and the Turkish accounting standards (BDDK regulation on valuation services, Resmî Gazete 12.01.2017 no. 29946, art. 4/2 and 4/4); valuations under capital-markets law follow the International Valuation Standards (SPK Communiqué III-62.1 art. 3). For housing loans, a firm BDDK or SPK authorizes values the collateral, and the loan-to-value limit uses that value (BDDK regulation on credit transactions, Resmî Gazete 21.12.2023 no. 32406, art. 12/1).
  • Every report carries its date and number, the appraisers' names, signatures, and license numbers, the responsible appraiser, the valuation date, the scope of the request, the analyses, every assumption and limiting condition behind the final value, and the final value in Turkish lira; a project is valued as completed and as it stands, and the annexes carry the photos, the deed copy, and a summary of any report the same firm made on the property in the last three years (art. 14/3). It is signed by the appraisers who inspected on site and the responsible appraiser (art. 14/1).
  • Valuation stays apart from credit marketing and allocation; the bank's valuation unit has final reviewers with an SPK real-estate valuation license and at least five years' experience (art. 8/1-b, 8/1-e). The bank may not set a condition on the value, make it subject to its approval, or suggest anything to the firm (art. 8/5); if it does not find the value fair, another firm may value the property within thirty days, and a third if the two differ widely (art. 20/1). So the system reads and checks facts; it never touches the value.
  • Collateral is revalued at intervals the bank sets and documents with its reasons, and whenever something may hurt its value; a mortgage behind a non-performing loan is revalued by the end of the following month (BDDK regulation on loan classification, art. 14/1-c to 14/1-d). Banks, and the leasing and finance companies BDDK admits to housing finance, are housing-finance institutions (Law 6362 art. 57/2), and the consumer gets a copy of the appraisal report on request (housing-finance contracts regulation, art. 18/6).

Start here

We take a month of appraisal reports with your valuation unit, list what the reviewers found in each, collect your collateral policy, and test the reader on your own reports, scans included, before anything is built.

Who builds it Every engagement is led by an engineer who has built machine-learning models that real decisions run on since 2012, and language models and agentic systems in production since 2024. About eqlx

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https://eqlx.ai/use-cases/collateral-appraisal-review · Printed copy; the website is the current version.